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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Simple, Rapid, and Quantitative Assay to Measure Repair of DNA-protein Crosslinks on Plasmids Transfected into Mammalian Cells
11:58

A Simple, Rapid, and Quantitative Assay to Measure Repair of DNA-protein Crosslinks on Plasmids Transfected into Mammalian Cells

Published on: March 5, 2018

Assays to determine DNA repair ability.

Vanessa Valdiglesias1, Eduardo Pásaro, Josefina Méndez

  • 1Toxicology Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. vvaldiglesias@udc.es

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This review explores DNA repair capacity (DRC) assays crucial for genome integrity. Understanding individual DRC is vital for disease risk assessment and mutagen susceptibility, despite assay limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Mammalian cells face constant DNA damage from genotoxic agents.
  • Conserved DNA repair mechanisms counteract these lesions.
  • Deficient DNA repair is linked to diseases, including cancer, and mutagen susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of DNA repair capacity (DRC) assays.
  • To discuss the application and limitations of these assays.
  • To guide the selection of appropriate DRC assays based on specific objectives.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of DNA repair capacity assays into five major groups.
  • Review of assay applications in in vitro, epidemiological, and exposure studies.
  • Analysis of assay limitations, including interlaboratory variability and scalability.

Main Results:

  • DRC assays have been successfully applied in diverse study settings.
  • Key limitations include high variability and challenges in large-scale implementation.
  • Assay selection depends on speed, cost, repair type, and sample availability.

Conclusions:

  • DNA repair capacity assays are valuable tools for assessing genome integrity and disease risk.
  • Addressing assay limitations is crucial for broader application.
  • Careful consideration of assay characteristics ensures effective evaluation of DNA repair.