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Related Concept Videos

Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
The host bacteria protect their own genomic DNA from these enzymes by methylating these sites. Some...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
06:52

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

Streptomyces nucleases.

Amruta Pramod Joshi1, Sumedha Sharad Deshmukh

  • 1National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, India.

Critical Reviews in Microbiology
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Streptomyces nucleases are versatile enzymes found inside and outside cells, crucial for various biological roles. This review details their history, properties, and applications, highlighting knowledge gaps in structure-function relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Streptomyces nucleases are multifunctional enzymes that degrade DNA and RNA.
  • These enzymes are found both intracellularly and extracellularly.
  • They exhibit diverse roles including analytical, biological, nutritional, and involvement in programmed cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of Streptomyces nucleases.
  • To consolidate information on their history, occurrence, localization, production, purification, properties, and applications.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge regarding structure-function relationships, active site homology, and mechanisms of action.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Streptomyces nucleases.
  • Compilation of data on enzyme classification (sugar-specific vs. non-specific).
  • Analysis of reported roles and applications in various biological contexts.

Main Results:

  • Over 20 Streptomyces nucleases have been identified, exhibiting broad substrate specificity.
  • These enzymes are involved in diverse functions, from nucleic acid metabolism to programmed cell death.
  • Significant knowledge gaps persist concerning their detailed structure-function dynamics and catalytic mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Streptomyces nucleases are critical enzymes with diverse biological functions and applications.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate their precise structure-function relationships and mechanisms of action.
  • This review serves as a foundational resource for future studies on these important enzymes.