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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...

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Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch
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Protective pathways against colitis mediated by appendicitis and appendectomy.

R Cheluvappa1, A S Luo, C Palmer

  • 1Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. r.cheluvappa@unsw.edu.au

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Appendectomy (AA) protects against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by modulating immune responses in the colon. This study identified specific genes and pathways involved in this protective effect, offering potential therapeutic targets for IBD.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Appendectomy (AA) in early life is associated with reduced incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • The precise molecular mechanisms underlying this protective effect remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gene expression changes in the distal colon following appendectomy.
  • To identify key genes and biological pathways involved in AA-induced protection against experimental colitis.

Main Methods:

  • A novel murine appendicitis model was utilized.
  • Gene expression profiling was performed using microarray analysis on colonic samples.
  • Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Appendectomy significantly upregulated 266 gene-sets in the distal colon.
  • Time-course RT-PCR revealed downregulation of 14 selected genes over 28 days post-surgery.
  • Several IBD-associated genes were modulated in appendectomized mice.

Conclusions:

  • Appendectomy confers protection against experimental colitis through modulation of specific immunological and cellular pathways in the distal colon.
  • The identified gene expression changes provide insights into the anti-colitis effects of AA.
  • Further research into these pathways may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for IBD.