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Chromosome evolution in the genus Mikania (Compositae).

C Ruas, M Aguiar-Perecin

American Journal of Botany

|June 29, 2011

Summary

Karyotypic analysis of ten Mikania species reveals a new basic chromosome number (x=21) and a unique chromosome marker. The study suggests aneuploidy derived from a basic number of x=18, correlating chromosomal evolution with Mikania inflorescence morphology.

Area of Science:

Botany
Cytogenetics
Plant Taxonomy

Background:

The genus Mikania, part of the tribe Eupatorieae, exhibits diverse inflorescence types.
Understanding the karyotypic diversity within Mikania is crucial for its taxonomic classification and evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To perform karyotypic analysis on ten Mikania species.
To identify chromosome numbers and morphology, including potential cytological markers.
To investigate the correlation between chromosomal evolution and morphological diversity within the genus.

Main Methods:

Feulgen staining was used for karyotypic analysis.
Chromosome numbers (2n) were determined for ten Mikania species across different sections.
Chromosome morphology, particularly secondary constrictions, was examined.

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Main Results:

Chromosome numbers ranged from 2n=34 to 2n=108, with a new basic number (x=21) identified in Mikania sericea.
A large chromosome pair with a secondary constriction was consistently observed across all studied species, suggesting it as a potential cytological marker for the genus.
The study identified a high frequency of species with x=18, proposing it as the ancestral basic chromosome number from which other numbers (x=17, 19, 20, 21) likely evolved via aneuploidy.

Conclusions:

The karyotypic analysis provides new insights into the chromosomal evolution of the genus Mikania.
A specific chromosome morphology with a secondary constriction may serve as a reliable cytological marker for Mikania.
The findings support a model of chromosomal evolution driven by aneuploidy, potentially linked to the morphological diversification of Mikania species.