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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into the...

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Published on: February 7, 2017

Kaleidoscopic morphologies from ABC star-shaped terpolymers.

Yushu Matsushita1, Kenichi Hayashida, Tomonari Dotera

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan. yushu@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Star-shaped terpolymers with three incompatible polymer blocks exhibit diverse ordered structures. Their morphology, including spheres, tilings, and lamellae, is highly sensitive to the relative lengths of polyisoprene, polystyrene, and poly(2-vinylpyridine) chains.

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Star-shaped terpolymers with incompatible blocks can self-assemble into complex ordered structures.
  • Understanding the relationship between polymer composition and resulting morphology is crucial for designing novel materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diverse mesoscopic morphologies formed by ABC star-shaped terpolymers.
  • To explore the influence of relative polymer chain lengths on the self-assembly behavior of these terpolymers.

Main Methods:

  • Anionic polymerization was used to synthesize monodisperse star-shaped terpolymers of polyisoprene (I), polystyrene (S), and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P).
  • Systematic variation of the composition ratio (I(X)S(Y)P(Z)) allowed for the observation of complex morphological transitions.

Main Results:

  • A wide range of ordered structures were observed, including spherical, periodic tiling, lamellae-in-lamella, and lamellae-in-cylinder morphologies.
  • Archimedean tiling patterns were formed when chain lengths were similar, with a broad 'tiling zone' observed across various compositions.
  • Unique structures like quasicrystalline tilings, zinc-blende networks, and hyperbolic gyroid membranes were achieved by tuning chain asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • ABC star-shaped terpolymers offer a versatile platform for generating complex and tunable mesoscopic morphologies.
  • The self-assembly behavior and resulting structures are highly sensitive to the relative compositions of the polymer blocks.