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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
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Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Sucralfate as Mucosal Protective Agents01:24

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Sucralfate as Mucosal Protective Agents

In the intricate landscape of the gastric lumen, excessive acid secretion disrupts the natural defense mechanisms, weakening the mucus-bicarbonate barrier. This vulnerability allows pepsin to infiltrate epithelial cells, digesting mucosal proteins and triggering erosion, leading to ulcer formation.
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The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Important Endpoints and Proliferative Markers to Assess Small Intestinal Injury and Adaptation using a Mouse Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis
07:05

Important Endpoints and Proliferative Markers to Assess Small Intestinal Injury and Adaptation using a Mouse Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis

Published on: May 12, 2019

Oral mucositis.

Stephen T Sonis1

  • 1Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ssonis@partners.org

Anti-Cancer Drugs
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral mucositis is a common side effect of head and neck cancer chemoradiation, causing significant discomfort and increasing healthcare costs. Understanding its complex biology is key to developing new treatments.

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Important Endpoints and Proliferative Markers to Assess Small Intestinal Injury and Adaptation using a Mouse Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis
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Published on: May 12, 2019

Th17 Inflammation Model of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice
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Published on: February 18, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Oral Medicine

Background:

  • Oral mucositis is a frequent and severe complication of chemoradiation for head and neck cancer.
  • It affects nearly all patients receiving over 30 Gy radiation to oral fields.
  • This condition causes extreme pain, necessitates opioid use, and escalates healthcare costs, with an incremental cost exceeding $17,000 per patient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathobiology of oral mucositis.
  • To highlight the shift in understanding from direct cell death to a broader view of chemoradiation's impact.
  • To discuss the implications for developing new therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on oral mucositis pathobiology.
  • Analysis of the impact of chemoradiation on mucosal cells.
  • Synthesis of current understanding and emerging treatment avenues.

Main Results:

  • The understanding of mucositis pathogenesis has evolved beyond direct cell death.
  • A comprehensive view implicates broader cellular responses to chemoradiation.
  • This complex biological picture opens avenues for novel treatment development.

Conclusions:

  • Oral mucositis is a complex condition with multifactorial pathogenesis.
  • Current understanding supports the development of targeted and effective treatments.
  • Further research into the broad biological underpinnings is crucial for managing this side effect.