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Related Concept Videos

Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place, the Gibbs energy change must be...
Regioselective Formation of Enolates01:33

Regioselective Formation of Enolates

As depicted in the figure below, the unsymmetrical ketones can form two possible enolates: less substituted or more substituted enolates. Usually, the thermodynamic enolates are formed from the more substituted α-carbon atom, while the kinetic enolates are formed faster by deprotonation from the less substituted position. The thermodynamic enolates have lower energy, so they are more stable. But the energy required to form kinetic enolates is less.
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
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Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

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Organogel formation rationalized by Hansen solubility parameters.

Matthieu Raynal1, Laurent Bouteiller

  • 1UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7610, Chimie des Polymères, F-75005 Paris, France.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hansen solubility parameters predict which solvents organic compounds will gel. This research demonstrates a method for selecting appropriate solvents for gelation, aiding in material science applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Organic compounds can form gel networks through anisotropic fiber formation.
  • Understanding solvent-gelator interactions is crucial for controlling gelation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive power of Hansen solubility parameters for solvent gelation by organic compounds.
  • To establish a method for identifying suitable solvents for gelation based on physicochemical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) to analyze solvent-gelator interactions.
  • Correlating HSP values with observed gelation behavior across a range of solvents.

Main Results:

  • Hansen solubility parameters effectively predict the range of solvents amenable to gelation by specific organic compounds.
  • A clear correlation was established between HSP values and the gelation capability of the studied compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Hansen solubility parameters offer a reliable tool for predicting solvent gelation by organic compounds.
  • This predictive capability can streamline the selection of solvents in the development of novel gel materials.