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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
10:03

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: June 27, 2014

Automated projection spectroscopy and its applications.

Sebastian Hiller1, Gerhard Wider

  • 1Biozentrum, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstr. 70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. sebastian.hiller@unibas.ch

Topics in Current Chemistry
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Automated Projection Spectroscopy (APSY) simplifies protein resonance assignment using automated algorithms and multi-dimensional NMR. This technique efficiently suppresses noise, aiding in the analysis of complex protein structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Protein resonance assignment is crucial for understanding protein structure and function.
  • Conventional NMR methods for protein assignment can be time-consuming and challenging, especially for unfolded proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the Automated Projection Spectroscopy (APSY) NMR technique and its application for automated sequence-specific resonance assignments of proteins.
  • To demonstrate the utility of APSY for analyzing challenging protein samples, including soluble unfolded proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes Automated Projection Spectroscopy (APSY), an N-dimensional NMR technique (N≥3).
  • Employs the GAPRO algorithm for automated geometric analysis of low-dimensional spectral projections.
  • Correlates peak positions across multiple projections to suppress noise and artifacts.

Main Results:

  • APSY generates lists of chemical shift correlations for N-dimensional NMR spectra.
  • The GAPRO algorithm automates the process of resonance assignment.
  • Successful application of APSY-NMR for automated backbone and side chain assignments, including up to seven dimensions for unfolded proteins.
  • A 5D TOCSY-APSY-NMR experiment enables sequence-specific side chain assignments.

Conclusions:

  • APSY provides a powerful and automated approach for protein resonance assignment.
  • This method is particularly beneficial for the time-consuming assignment of soluble unfolded proteins.
  • APSY-NMR enhances efficiency and accuracy in structural biology studies.