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Central venous catheter related sepsis: a clinical review
1Department of Internal Medicine A, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Insights
Central venous catheter (CVC) sepsis is a serious complication impacting many patients. Implementing infection control methods and new techniques can significantly reduce CVC-related morbidity and mortality.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Vascular Surgery
- Hospital Epidemiology
Background:
- Central venous catheterization is a common hospital procedure.
- Catheter-related sepsis, though infrequent, leads to significant morbidity and mortality.
- Knowledge regarding catheter sepsis has advanced recently.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current concepts of catheter-related sepsis.
- To emphasize recent research and clinical advances.
- To highlight approaches for prevention and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent studies on catheter-related sepsis.
- Analysis of pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and therapy.
- Emphasis on clinical advances and experimental techniques.
Main Results:
- Recent research has improved understanding of catheter sepsis.
- New approaches for prevention and treatment have emerged.
- Effective strategies exist to decrease associated morbidity and mortality.
Conclusions:
- Catheter-related sepsis poses a significant clinical challenge.
- Simple infection control methods are crucial for prevention.
- Future experimental techniques offer promise for improved outcomes.
Abstract:
Central venous catheterization is one of the most common invasive vascular procedures performed in hospitals today. Though catheter related sepsis occurs only in a small percentage of catheterized patients, this complication has a tremendous impact due to the ubiquitous use of central venous catheters and consequent morbidity and even mortality. Recent studies have considerably advanced our knowledge regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention of catheter sepsis. In this paper, current concepts regarding catheter-related sepsis are reviewed, regarding the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of this complication. Particular emphasis is placed upon recent research and clinical advances in this field, which have clarified important question and suggested promising approaches to the prevention and treatment of catheter bacteremia. The excessive morbidity and mortality due to catheter-related sepsis can be markedly decreased, by attention to simple infection control methods, and by future implementation of new experimental techniques.