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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
01:24

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Published on: September 8, 2023

Herniated lumbar disc.

Jo Jordan1, Kika Konstantinou, John O'Dowd

  • 1Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|June 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This systematic review found limited evidence for drug effectiveness in treating herniated lumbar discs. It evaluated various drug, non-drug, and surgical interventions for this common condition.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery
  • Evidence-based medicine

Background:

  • Herniated lumbar disc involves displacement of intervertebral disc material.
  • Prevalence peaks between ages 30-50, with a 2:1 male to female ratio.
  • Current drug treatments show limited effectiveness for herniated discs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of drug treatments, non-drug treatments, and surgery for herniated lumbar disc.
  • To answer clinical questions regarding the efficacy and safety of various interventions.
  • To provide evidence-based information for clinical decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of literature up to June 2010.
  • Searched major databases including Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library.

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Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
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Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation
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  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

    • Main Results:

    • Included 37 systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies.
    • Performed GRADE evaluations to assess the quality of evidence for interventions.
    • Identified a wide range of interventions for herniated lumbar disc.

    Conclusions:

    • Presents information on the effectiveness and safety of numerous interventions.
    • Interventions reviewed include acupuncture, exercise therapy, NSAIDs, epidural corticosteroids, and various discectomy types.
    • Highlights the need for comprehensive evaluation of treatment options for herniated lumbar disc.