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Coronary Circulation

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Published on: June 28, 2019

Coronary no reflow.

Bryan G Schwartz¹, Robert A Kloner

¹Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, 1225 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA. bschwartz15@hotmail.com

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology

|June 30, 2011

Summary

The no-reflow phenomenon, caused by capillary obstruction after reperfusion, negatively impacts heart function and survival. Early therapies targeting its mechanisms can improve outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Physiology

Background:

The no-reflow phenomenon is a critical complication following reperfusion injury.
It primarily results from ischemic endothelial cell damage, obstructing capillary blood flow.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of the no-reflow phenomenon.
To cover its mechanisms, assessment methods, prognostic implications, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on the no-reflow phenomenon.
Discussion of various assessment techniques including angiography and cardiac imaging.
Exploration of therapeutic interventions initiated during occlusion or reperfusion.

Main Results:

No-reflow is linked to poor left ventricular remodeling and function, impacting clinical events and survival.

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Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

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Published on: June 28, 2019

Dynamic Assessments of Coronary Flow Reserve after Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Mice

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Published on: August 25, 2023

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Multiple factors contribute, including endothelial injury, neutrophils, reactive oxygen species, and coagulation.

Atherosclerosis and thromboembolism are key contributors in percutaneous coronary intervention and myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

No-reflow is a significant predictor of adverse outcomes.
Timely therapeutic interventions, including vasodilators and antiplatelet agents, are crucial.
Further research into preconditioning and hypothermia holds therapeutic promise.