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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model
07:07

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model

Published on: May 20, 2019

Getting personal with melanoma.

Helen Heslop1

  • 1Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. heheslop@txccc.org

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|June 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Adoptive immunotherapy using autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes offers durable remission for metastatic melanoma patients. Complete responders maintained remission for 3-7+ years, indicating long-term efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Metastatic melanoma remains a significant challenge in oncology.
  • Adoptive immunotherapy is an emerging treatment modality.
  • Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) therapy has shown promise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with TIL therapy.
  • To assess the durability of complete remission achieved with TIL therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term follow-up of patients with metastatic melanoma.
  • Analysis of remission status in patients treated with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Main Results:

  • Patients achieving complete remission (CR) experienced durable responses.

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Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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08:49

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

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  • 19 out of 20 patients in CR remained in remission for 3 to 7 years or longer.
  • This suggests sustained efficacy of TIL therapy in achieving long-term disease control.

    • Conclusions:

    • Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes therapy can lead to durable, long-term remission in a significant proportion of metastatic melanoma patients.
    • Complete remission achieved with TIL therapy is associated with sustained clinical benefit.
    • TIL therapy represents a viable option for long-term management of metastatic melanoma.