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Electrical Conductivity

Electrical Conductivity

In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...

Electrical Transport

Electrical Transport

The electrical transport property of a material is defined by its resistance and conductivity. Resistance is the measure of a material's ability to resist the flow of electric current, while conductivity gauges its ability to allow the current to pass through, depending on the geometry of the measurement cell, such as electrode spacing and area. Conductivity is measured in Siemens (S). There are different types of conductance, including specific conductance, equivalent conductance, and molar...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

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Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

Electrical conductive coordination polymers.

Gonzalo Givaja¹, Pilar Amo-Ochoa, Carlos J Gómez-García

¹Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

Chemical Society Reviews

|June 30, 2011

Summary

This review covers electrical conductive coordination polymers (CPs), also known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). It analyzes their structure based on dimensionality and bridging ligands, summarizing current advancements in the field.

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Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Supramolecular Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Coordination polymers (CPs) are a significant area of research in modern chemistry.
Electrical conductivity in CPs, also termed metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), is a rapidly developing field.
Understanding structure-property relationships is key to advancing CP applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in electrically conductive coordination polymers.
To critically review existing literature on conductive CPs and MOFs.
To categorize and analyze conductive CPs based on structural features.

Main Methods:

Literature review and data collection.
Classification of coordination polymers based on structural dimensionality (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D).
Analysis of coordination polymers based on the type of bridging ligands employed.

Main Results:

Compilation and summary of 151 references on conductive CPs/MOFs.
Identification of key structural parameters influencing electrical conductivity.
Overview of trends and advancements in the field.

Conclusions:

Electrically conductive coordination polymers represent a dynamic and expanding research frontier.
Structural dimensionality and bridging ligand choice are critical determinants of conductivity in CPs/MOFs.
This review provides a valuable resource for researchers in inorganic and supramolecular chemistry.