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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
12:44

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Published on: July 24, 2016

Development of geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph for a large watershed.

Abdul Razzaq Ghumman1, Muhammad Masood Ahmad, Hashim Nisar Hashmi

  • 1Civil Engineering Department, Al Qassim University, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia. abdulrazzaq@uettaxila.edu.pk

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|June 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Accurate prediction of hill torrent direct surface runoff hydrographs (DSRH) is crucial for mitigating environmental and property damage in Pakistan. This study successfully simulated DSRH using geomorphology and a Nash model, achieving over 90% efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Geomorphology

Background:

  • Hill torrents in Pakistan cause significant annual environmental and property damage.
  • Accurate assessment of direct surface runoff is vital for protecting life, property, and the environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive the direct surface runoff hydrograph (DSRH) for a large catchment in a semi-arid region of Pakistan.
  • To apply the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph concept and Nash's conceptual model for DSRH simulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized geomorphology derived from satellite imagery (processed with ERDAS and ArcGIS) to estimate hydrologic parameters for Nash's model.
  • Developed a computer program to estimate dynamic velocity and related parameters, optimizing and simulating the DSRH.
  • Calibrated and validated the model using 15 rainfall-runoff events, with 10 for calibration and 5 for validation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high model efficiency (over 90%) and a low root mean square error (approximately 5%) during calibration and validation.
  • Investigated the impact of shape parameter and storage coefficient variations on DSRH.
  • Determined that 3 linear cascades (shape parameter) and geomorphology-derived storage coefficients yielded the best DSRH simulation results.

Conclusions:

  • The geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph concept effectively simulates DSRH in semi-arid Pakistani catchments.
  • Optimized model parameters, particularly those derived from geomorphology and dynamic velocity, are critical for accurate runoff prediction.
  • This approach provides a valuable tool for managing hill torrents and mitigating their associated risks.