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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Control of cryptic transcription in eukaryotes.

Mathieu Rougemaille1, Domenico Libri

  • 1LEA Laboratory of Nuclear RNA Metabolism, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS-UPR2167, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, rougemai@cgm.cnrs-gif.fr.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The eukaryotic transcriptome is more complex than previously thought, with novel small RNAs arising from previously uncharacterized transcription. These non-coding RNAs may play crucial roles in gene regulation and genome evolution.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
08:54

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

Published on: March 29, 2019

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Large-scale technologies have revealed the complexity of eukaryotic transcriptional control.
  • Novel small RNA species have been identified in previously transcriptionally silent genomic regions.
  • These small RNAs are rapidly degraded by the exosome and lack coding potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss recent advances in understanding the eukaryotic transcriptome.
  • To explore molecular mechanisms preventing cryptic transcripts from interfering with gene expression.
  • To summarize evidence for the role of these RNAs in gene regulation and genome evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on eukaryotic transcriptome complexity.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms for managing non-coding transcripts.
  • Synthesis of data from various model systems.

Main Results:

  • The eukaryotic transcriptome exhibits unexpected complexity, including numerous small RNA species.
  • These transcripts may originate from unintended transcription events.
  • Evidence suggests these RNAs are involved in regulatory roles.

Conclusions:

  • A significant fraction of novel small RNAs may be by-products of regulatory transcription.
  • Cells possess mechanisms to prevent cryptic transcripts from disrupting protein-coding gene expression.
  • These small RNAs are implicated in gene expression regulation and genome evolution.