Study of aneuploidy rate and sperm DNA fragmentation in large-headed, multiple-tailed spermatozoa

The aim of this study was to analyse the meiotic segregation and DNA fragmentation rates in ejaculated spermatozoa of Tunisian men who presented the macrocephalic sperm head syndrome and to compare the results with those from 20 fertile men with normal semen profiles. Sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated by the terminal desoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick-end labelling assay. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for chromosomes X, Y and 18 was performed for the study of meiotic segregation. Despite a normal blood karyotype, patients with large-headed spermatozoa showed a significantly higher incidence of sperm chromosomal abnormalities compared with the control group. For all the patients, tetraploidy, triploidy and diploidy were the most observed abnormalities. A very high level of DNA fragmentation was shown for these patients. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that patients with large-headed, multiple-tailed spermatozoa had significantly higher incidence of sperm chromosomal abnormalities and very high level of DNA fragmentation. So intracytoplasmic sperm injection should not be recommended to these patients, not only because of its low chances of success rate but also because of its high genetic risk.