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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

The Mouse Stroke Unit Protocol with Standardized Neurological Scoring for Translational Mouse Stroke Studies
10:45

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Published on: February 7, 2025

Late night activity regarding stroke codes: LuNAR strokes.

Gilda Tafreshi1, Rema Raman, Karin Ernstrom

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. gtafreshi@ucsd.edu

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
|July 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nighttime strokes (LuNAR) show similar diagnoses and tissue plasminogen activator rates as daytime strokes (n-LuNAR). However, LuNAR strokes experience longer computed tomography scan times, suggesting a need for faster specialist evaluation.

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Simultaneous Photothrombosis and Fiber Photometry to Induce and Monitor Ischemic Stroke in Behaving Mice
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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

The Mouse Stroke Unit Protocol with Standardized Neurological Scoring for Translational Mouse Stroke Studies
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Simultaneous Photothrombosis and Fiber Photometry to Induce and Monitor Ischemic Stroke in Behaving Mice
07:49

Simultaneous Photothrombosis and Fiber Photometry to Induce and Monitor Ischemic Stroke in Behaving Mice

Published on: November 14, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diurnal variations observed in cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death may extend to stroke incidence.
  • Investigating potential temporal patterns in stroke etiology is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare emergency department stroke codes arriving between 22:00 and 8:00 hours (LuNAR strokes) versus other times (n-LuNAR strokes).
  • To determine if late-night strokes are more likely to be true strokes or warrant acute tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • A four-year prospective review of stroke codes from six emergency departments.
  • Classification of stroke codes into LuNAR (22:00-8:00) and n-LuNAR groups.
  • Comparison of patient diagnoses, tPA administration rates, and time-to-CT scan using Fisher's Exact and Wilcoxon's Rank-sum tests.

Main Results:

  • 19% of 1607 patients were classified as LuNAR stroke codes.
  • No significant differences in overall stroke diagnoses or tPA administration rates between LuNAR and n-LuNAR groups.
  • Longer mean arrival-to-CT scan times observed for LuNAR strokes (62.5 min) compared to n-LuNAR strokes (54.9 min).

Conclusions:

  • Stroke diagnoses and tPA administration rates are similar for day and night stroke codes.
  • Late-night strokes may require more rapid specialist evaluation due to delays in diagnostic imaging.
  • Further research into optimizing stroke care delivery across different times of day is warranted.