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Updated: May 31, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay
Published on: September 11, 2016
Evolution of re-emergent virus and its impact on enterovirus 71 epidemics
Sheng-Wen Huang1, David Kiang, Derek J Smith
1The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a member of the Enterovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family, has become an emergent infectious disease worldwide, most notably in Asia. As a neurotropic virus, EV71 infection occasionally causes neurological diseases with pulmonary edema, which is fatal for children. In this review, we examine the epidemiology of EV71, with three waves of increased EV71 activity since the 1970s and discuss the genotypic changes in phylogeny between the outbreaks or epidemics. Genetic changes including mutations and recombinations as well as the diversity of antigenic properties among EV71 strains in various outbreaks are described. Furthermore, the impact of genetic changes on viral pathogenesis and vaccine candidate selection are addressed. In conclusion, these genetic and antigenic investigations of EV71 evolution have provided us with new insight into the trend of EV71 epidemiology, which may contribute to a better understanding of the viral pathogenesis and vaccine development.
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