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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Risk stratification for acute pulmonary embolism.

Jeffrey A Kline1, David W Miller

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Mecklenburg Medical Group, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina. jkline@carolinas.org

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN
|July 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Predicting death risk after pulmonary embolism (PE) is crucial. Patients with cancer and PE face worse prognoses, necessitating tailored risk stratification and treatment strategies for improved survival outcomes.

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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots
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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) poses significant mortality risks.
  • Underlying malignancy complicates PE prognosis and survival.
  • Current risk stratification methods lack specificity for cancer patients with PE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced techniques for predicting mortality risk in acute PE.
  • To highlight the adverse impact of malignancy on PE survival.
  • To discuss risk stratification and treatment strategies for PE patients, particularly those with cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current risk stratification categories (low-, moderate-, high-risk) for PE.
  • Analysis of standard anticoagulation versus escalated treatments (fibrinolysis, catheter, surgery).
  • Discussion of treatment decisions based on risk stratification and patient condition.

Main Results:

  • Patients with PE and malignancy have a poorer prognosis.
  • Low-risk PE patients often managed with standard anticoagulation, including outpatients.
  • High-risk PE patients may benefit from escalated treatment.
  • Moderate-risk PE treatment decisions remain controversial, with some benefiting from escalated therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Validated risk stratification criteria are needed specifically for PE patients with cancer.
  • Treatment approaches should be tailored based on risk stratification and patient factors.
  • Incidental PE in cancer patients requires the same risk stratification as clinically suspected PE.