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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Integration of Light Trapping Silver Nanostructures in Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Transfer Printing

Integration of Light Trapping Silver Nanostructures in Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Transfer Printing

Published on: November 9, 2015

Enhancing solar cells with localized plasmons in nanovoids.

N N Lal¹, B F Soares, J K Sinha

¹Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

|July 1, 2011

Summary

Localized plasmon resonances in silver nanovoids significantly boost solar cell efficiency by 3.5x in external quantum efficiency and 4x in power conversion efficiency, offering a new path for plasmonic photovoltaics.

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Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

Published on: May 28, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Renewable Energy

Background:

Solar cell performance is limited by light absorption and charge extraction.
Plasmonic nanostructures offer a route to enhance light harvesting in solar cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the use of localized plasmon resonances in nanovoid arrays for solar cell enhancement.
To develop a novel plasmonic photovoltaic enhancement strategy using nanovoids.

Main Methods:

Electrochemical templating of large-area silver nanovoid substrates using self-assembled colloidal spheres.
Fabrication of organic solar cells on top of the nanovoid structures.
Characterization using angularly-resolved spectra to identify plasmon modes.
Theoretical modeling of light intensity distribution within nanovoids.

Main Results:

Localized plasmon resonances in nanovoid arrays enhanced external quantum efficiency by 3.5 times.
Overall power conversion efficiency of solar cells was improved by a factor of four.
Demonstrated strong localized Mie plasmon modes within the nanovoids.
Theoretical modeling indicated spatial variations in light intensity within the void region.

Conclusions:

Nanovoid structures represent a new class of plasmonic photovoltaic enhancement through localized plasmon-enhanced absorption.
The findings suggest a potential pathway towards Third Generation plasmonic photovoltaics.
The electrochemical templating method allows for scalable fabrication of these plasmonic nanostructures.