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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

A compact orbital angular momentum spectrometer using quantum Zeno interrogation.

Paul Bierdz1, Hui Deng

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Optics Express
|July 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a method to measure light's orbital angular momentum spectrum using timed optical loops and quantum measurements. This technique accounts for imperfections in optical components.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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Published on: December 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Photonics
  • Optical metrology

Background:

  • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a fundamental property of light.
  • Measuring the OAM spectrum is crucial for applications in quantum information and communication.
  • Existing methods face challenges with precision and component imperfections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel scheme for measuring the orbital angular momentum spectrum of light.
  • To analyze the impact of imperfect optical components on measurement accuracy.
  • To establish a robust method for OAM spectrum characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a precisely timed optical loop.
  • Employing quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements.
  • Developing theoretical framework to analyze component imperfections.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a scheme capable of measuring the OAM spectrum.
  • Quantified the influence of optical component imperfections on measurement outcomes.
  • Validated the precision and reliability of the proposed measurement technique.

Conclusions:

  • The presented scheme offers a precise way to measure the OAM spectrum of light.
  • Understanding and mitigating the effects of imperfect components is key for practical applications.
  • This work advances the field of optical metrology for structured light.