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Related Concept Videos

Faraday Disk Dynamo01:23

Faraday Disk Dynamo

A Faraday disk dynamo is a DC generator, producing an emf that is constant in time. It consists of a conducting disk that rotates with a constant angular velocity in the magnetic field, perpendicular to the disk's plane. The rotation of the disk causes a change in magnetic flux, which induces an emf, causing opposite charges to develop on the rim and in the center of the disk. The polarity of the induced emf can be determined by the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the...
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Faraday's law state that the induced emf is the negative change in the magnetic flux per unit of time. Any change in the magnetic field or change in the orientation of the area of the coil with respect to the magnetic field induces a voltage (emf). The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines through a given surface area. Magnetic flux is estimated from the integral of the dot product of the magnetic field vector and the area vector. The negative sign describes the direction in...
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Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation

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Monitoring Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 8 Channel (LRRC8/VRAC) Activity Using Sensitized-Emission F&#246;rster Resonance Energy Transfer (SE-FRET)
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CeF3 and PrF3 as UV-visible Faraday rotators.

P Molina1, V Vasyliev, E G Víllora

  • 1National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan. molina.pablo@nims.go.jp

Optics Express
|July 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cerium fluoride (CeF3) and praseodymium fluoride (PrF3) crystals show promise as superior Faraday rotators for UV-visible applications. They offer better transparency and figure of merit than the standard terbium-gallium-garnet (TGG) crystal.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Faraday rotators are crucial optical devices for controlling light polarization.
  • Terbium-gallium-garnet (TGG) is the current industry standard for UV-visible Faraday rotators.
  • There is a need for alternative materials with improved performance in the UV-visible spectrum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Cerium Fluoride (CeF3) and Praseodymium Fluoride (PrF3) single crystals as potential Faraday rotators.
  • To compare the optical properties of CeF3 and PrF3 with TGG.
  • To evaluate their suitability for UV-visible applications.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of CeF3 and PrF3 single crystals.
  • Measurement of optical transparency across UV-visible-IR spectrum.
  • Determination of the figure of merit for Faraday rotation.
  • Comparative analysis against TGG single crystal.

Main Results:

  • CeF3 demonstrates higher transparency and figure of merit compared to TGG, especially towards the UV cutoff.
  • PrF3 exhibits transparency extending to shorter wavelengths than CeF3.
  • Both CeF3 and PrF3 show a significant increase in figure of merit in the UV region.

Conclusions:

  • CeF3 and PrF3 are highly promising candidates for UV-visible Faraday rotators.
  • These materials offer superior performance over TGG in the UV-visible spectrum.
  • CeF3 and PrF3 represent potential new solutions for optical isolators in regions with limited alternatives.