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Related Concept Videos

Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
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Muscle Coordination and Action01:24

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Direct Motor Pathways01:11

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The Central Dogma01:25

The Central Dogma

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
05:12

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

The coding and inter-manual transfer of movement sequences.

Charles H Shea1, Attila J Kovacs, Stefan Panzer

  • 1Human Performance Laboratories, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology
|July 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Movement sequences are coded visually for complex tasks and early simple tasks, but motorically for early simple tasks. This impacts how practice with one limb aids the other.

Keywords:
coordinate systemeffector transfermovement sequencessequence coding

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Area of Science:

  • Motor control and learning
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Human movement science

Background:

  • Understanding how the brain codes movement sequences is crucial for motor learning.
  • The role of coordinate systems (visual-spatial vs. motor) in sequence coding is debated.
  • Inter-manual transfer paradigms offer insights into shared or distinct neural representations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experiments investigating the coordinate systems for movement sequence coding.
  • To determine if visual-spatial or motor coordinates are used during physical and observational practice.
  • To explore how task characteristics influence coordinate system selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies employing inter-manual transfer and practice paradigms.
  • Analysis of movement sequence coding during physical and observational learning.
  • Comparison of coding strategies for simple vs. complex movement sequences.

Main Results:

  • Multi-element sequences are primarily coded in visual-spatial coordinates, even after extensive practice.
  • Simple, short-duration sequences are initially coded in motor coordinates.
  • Inter-manual practice benefits depend on sequence complexity and coordinate system involvement.

Conclusions:

  • The coordinate system for movement sequence coding is dynamic, influenced by task complexity and practice stage.
  • Findings explain variability in inter-manual transfer effects based on task and control processes.
  • This research advances understanding of motor learning and cross-limb performance.