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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
07:10

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: March 6, 2026

Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Keun Man Shin1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kang-Dong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

The Korean Journal of Pain
|July 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) have unknown incidence, but intrinsic degeneration is a key cause. Conservative treatments are recommended before surgery for these common shoulder injuries.

Keywords:
injectionsintrinsicnerve blockrotator cuff

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Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft
07:22

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Published on: June 6, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
07:10

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: March 6, 2026

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft
07:22

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Imaging

Background:

  • Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) are common but their exact incidence remains unclear.
  • Pathogenesis is attributed to intrinsic degeneration, with extrinsic factors like impingement playing a role.
  • Understanding tear location (articular, bursal, intratendinous) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence, causes, classification, and treatment of PTRCTs.
  • To highlight the role of intrinsic degeneration versus extrinsic factors.
  • To discuss diagnostic imaging and conservative management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on rotator cuff tear pathogenesis and classification.
  • Analysis of diagnostic accuracy for ultrasound and MRI.
  • Evaluation of conservative treatment options for PTRCTs.

Main Results:

  • Intrinsic degeneration is considered the primary cause of PTRCTs.
  • Extrinsic factors like impingement do not cause articular-sided tears.
  • Ultrasound and MRI demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy (87%) for PTRCTs.

Conclusions:

  • Conservative management, including injections and nerve blocks, should precede surgical intervention for PTRCTs.
  • Accurate diagnosis and understanding of tear etiology guide treatment decisions.
  • Further research is needed to establish precise incidence rates.