Trichiasis: characteristics and management options

Trichiasis is a common disorder in which eyelashes or cilia arising from their normal position are misdirected toward the ocular surface. This condition frequently causes ocular surface irritation and commonly results from eyelid inflammation and scarring which disrupts the direction of growth of cilia follicles. The knowledge of eyelid and cilia anatomy is important to the success of the treatment. Management options include epilation, electrolysis, radiofrequency ablation, laser photoablation, cryotherapy and surgical removal of the offending cilia. Treatment is made by the clinician based upon the number, distribution and severity of the trichiasis. Recognition and management of the underlying cause of the trichiasis should also be addressed. Nevertheless, recalcitrant or recurrent cilia are not unusual despite a systematic approach to this condition. This article will briefly discuss trichiasis and the relevant eyelid and cilia anatomy. Subsequently, the current treatment modalities for trichiasis and their complications will be described.