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Mental changes in patients with AIDS.

M M Derix1, J de Gans, J Stam

  • 1Department of Neurology, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
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Mental changes are common in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Subcortical dementia is the most frequent form, impacting memory and psychomotor speed, distinct from cortical deficits.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently presents with cognitive impairment.
  • Understanding the spectrum of neurological and cognitive changes in AIDS is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the neuropsychological profiles of patients with AIDS and cognitive symptoms.
  • To differentiate patterns of cognitive deficits and their relationship with AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC).

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuropsychological data from 32 patients diagnosed with AIDS and cognitive symptoms.
  • Comprehensive neurological examinations and ancillary investigations were conducted for all participants.

Main Results:

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  • Three distinct groups emerged based on neuropsychological findings: cortical deficits, subcortical dementia, and subcortical cognitive deficits without global deterioration.
  • AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) was diagnosed in 12 patients across all groups, with subcortical dementia being the most prevalent form.
  • Impaired memory and reduced psychomotor speed were common findings, even in patients without global intellectual decline.

Conclusions:

  • Subcortical dementia is the predominant cognitive impairment in patients with AIDS.
  • ADC diagnosis is less likely in cases of cortical dementia.
  • Accurate ADC diagnosis requires integrating neuropsychological findings with neurological examinations and ancillary investigations.