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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

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Updated: May 31, 2026

CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion
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The replication origin of a repABC plasmid.

Ramón Cervantes-Rivera1, Francisco Pedraza-López, Gabriela Pérez-Segura

  • 1Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.

BMC Microbiology
|July 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The RepC protein is essential for Rhizobium etli plasmid replication, acting as the sole necessary and sufficient element. Its C-terminal region also functions as an incompatibility factor, preventing replication of similar plasmids.

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RepABC operons are crucial for replication and segregation of plasmids and secondary chromosomes in α-proteobacteria.
  • These operons contain repA, repB, and repC genes, with RepA and RepB involved in partitioning and transcriptional regulation, and RepC acting as the replication limiting factor.
  • Antisense RNA modulates repC expression, highlighting complex regulatory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the minimal DNA region required for autonomous replication of the Rhizobium etli p42d plasmid.
  • To investigate the role of the RepC protein in plasmid replication and incompatibility.

Main Methods:

  • PCR amplification and cloning of repABC operon regions into a suicide vector.
  • Introduction of constructs into R. etli strains with and without the native plasmid.
  • Sequence analysis of repC and creation of hybrid RepC genes.

Main Results:

  • The minimal replicon identified comprises the repC gene under a constitutive promoter.
  • Replication capability was dependent on the A+T-rich region within repC; mutations here abolished replication.
  • RepC from R. etli p42d acted as an incompatibility factor, preventing replication of compatible plasmids, while hybrid RepC proteins showed altered compatibility.

Conclusions:

  • RepC is the sole necessary and sufficient protein for R. etli p42d plasmid replication, likely acting as the initiator protein.
  • The origin of replication (oriV) is located within the repC gene, near or within a large A+T-rich region.
  • The C-terminal 39 amino acids of RepC are critical for its function as an incompatibility factor.