Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
Obedience01:08

Obedience

According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation, obedience...
Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Confounding in Epidemiological Studies01:27

Confounding in Epidemiological Studies

Confounding in statistical epidemiology represents a pivotal challenge, referring to the distortion in the perceived relationship between an exposure and an outcome due to the presence of a third variable, known as a confounder. This variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not a direct link in their causal chain. Its presence can lead to erroneous interpretations of the exposure's effect, either exaggerating or underestimating the true association. This phenomenon...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Longitudinal changes in childhood cancer survivor body mass index during early survivorship: associations with caregiver health-related parenting behaviors and survivor health behaviors.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice·2026
Same author

Development and Validation of a Competency Framework for Pediatric Nurse Practitioners.

Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners·2026
Same author

Exploring Environmental Barriers and Facilitators to Inclusion on a University Campus for Autistic Students.

Autism in adulthood : challenges and management·2024
Same author

'Most people have no idea what autism is': Unpacking autism disclosure using social media analysis.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice·2023
Same author

Advice for autistic people considering a career in academia.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice·2023
Same author

Perception of the Portrayal of Autism in Netflix's <i>Atypical</i> Within the Autism Community.

Autism in adulthood : challenges and management·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

Circumventing the WHO Code? An observational study.

Nina J Berry1, Sandra C Jones, Don Iverson

  • 1Centre for Health Initiatives, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. nb388769@bigpond.net.au

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|July 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Formula milk advertising restrictions do not stop companies from promoting follow-on or toddler formulas. These ads still link to infant formula, circumventing regulations.

More Related Videos

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
11:21

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

Published on: July 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
11:21

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Marketing and Advertising
  • Consumer Behavior

Background:

  • Compares formula milk advertisements in parenting magazines from countries with and without infant formula advertising restrictions.
  • Examines the impact of international code-aligned regulations on formula milk marketing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the type and frequency of formula milk advertisements in parenting magazines.
  • To determine the relationship between advertising content and existing regulations.

Main Methods:

  • Content analysis of formula milk advertisements in parenting magazines from the USA, Canada, UK, and Australia in 2007.
  • Statistical analysis to compare advertisement frequencies across countries with varying regulations.

Main Results:

  • Follow-on formula ads were more frequent in the UK (advertising prohibited) than in the USA/Canada (advertising permitted).
  • Toddler milk ads were more frequent in Australia (infant/follow-on advertising prohibited) than in countries permitting direct-to-consumer advertising.
  • Advertisements for formula products appeared in all sampled magazines, with variations in product type advertised.

Conclusions:

  • Advertising bans on infant formula do not prevent the promotion of follow-on or toddler formulas.
  • Companies use marketing strategies to associate these products with infant formula lines, potentially undermining regulations.