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Drying Shrinkage

Drying Shrinkage

When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces

Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces

Published on: September 11, 2018

Auxiliary drying to prevent pattern collapse in high aspect ratio nanostructures.

Gang Liu¹, Jie Zhou, Ying Xiong

¹National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China. liugang@ustc.edu.cn

|July 2, 2011

Summary

This study introduces an auxiliary drying method to prevent pattern collapse in high aspect ratio nanostructures. By adding a reinforcing substrate, capillary forces are balanced, enabling higher aspect ratios in nanofabrication.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

Nanofabrication of high aspect ratio structures often results in defects.
Pattern collapse, caused by capillary forces during drying, is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel auxiliary drying method to prevent pattern collapse in nanostructures.
To analyze the underlying principles and effectiveness of this method.

Main Methods:

An auxiliary substrate is used as a reinforcing rib to counteract capillary forces.
Finite element analysis (FEA) with ANSYS software simulates resist beam deformation due to surface tension.
The influence of nanostructure aspect ratio (length to width) is analyzed.

Main Results:

The auxiliary drying method effectively prevents pattern collapse in high aspect ratio nanostructures.
Simulations confirm the method's ability to restrict deformation and balance capillary forces.
The aspect ratio of nanostructures can be increased by up to 2.6 times without collapse.

Conclusions:

The proposed auxiliary drying method offers a viable solution to pattern collapse in nanofabrication.
This technique has broad applicability in solvent removal processes for micro- and nanofabrication.
Enables fabrication of taller and more complex nanostructures.