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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts
07:56

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Double-valve Libman-Sacks endocarditis causing ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest.

Tanyanan Tanawuttiwat1, Muhyaldeen Dia, Tabassum Hanif

  • 1Department of Medicine, Advocate Christ Medical Center/University of Illinois at Chicago, Oak Lawn, Illinois 60453, USA. ttanawuttiwat@gmail.com

Texas Heart Institute Journal
|July 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Libman-Sacks endocarditis, a cardiac issue in systemic lupus erythematosus, can present with large vegetations. Surgical removal of these masses led to recovery in a patient with severe cardiac compromise.

Keywords:
Disease progressionendocarditis/etiologyheart diseases/complicationsheart valve diseases/complications/immunology/physiopathologylupus erythematosus, systemic/complications/physiopathologytreatment outcome

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Libman-Sacks endocarditis is a known cardiac complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • Echocardiography is crucial for diagnosing valvular involvement in SLE patients.
  • Typical Libman-Sacks lesions are small (1-4 mm) and affect a single valve.

Observation:

  • A 22-year-old woman with new-onset SLE presented with unusually large vegetations on both mitral and aortic valves.
  • These large vegetations caused significant coronary blood flow obstruction.
  • The patient experienced ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest due to the cardiac compromise.

Findings:

  • The case highlights an atypical presentation of Libman-Sacks endocarditis with massive vegetations.
  • Surgical excision of the large vegetations was performed.
  • Post-surgery, the patient's cardiac function showed significant recovery.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for severe, life-threatening cardiac manifestations of Libman-Sacks endocarditis, even with atypical features.
  • Early recognition and aggressive management, including surgical intervention, are vital for improving outcomes.
  • Further research into the spectrum of Libman-Sacks endocarditis presentations and optimal treatment strategies is warranted.