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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Updated: May 31, 2026

Novel Photoacoustic Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Dual-modality Chorioretinal Imaging in Living Rabbit Eyes
09:20

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Ketorolac 0.45% ophthalmic solution.

Paul L McCormack1

  • 1Adis, Wolters Kluwer Business, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

Drugs & Aging
|July 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ketorolac 0.45% ophthalmic solution effectively reduces ocular pain and inflammation after cataract surgery. This non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) demonstrated superior efficacy and good tolerability in clinical trials compared to placebo.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cataract surgery can lead to post-operative ocular pain and inflammation.
  • Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to manage these symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ketorolac 0.45% ophthalmic solution for treating ocular pain and inflammation post-cataract surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Two randomized, double-masked, multicenter trials were conducted in adult patients undergoing cataract extraction.
  • Patients received either ketorolac 0.45% ophthalmic solution or vehicle placebo.
  • Ocular inflammation and pain scores were assessed post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Ketorolac 0.45% ophthalmic solution significantly reduced ocular inflammation (anterior chamber cell count and flare) by day 14 compared to placebo.
  • A significantly greater proportion of patients treated with ketorolac 0.45% were pain-free on the day after surgery.
  • The ophthalmic solution was well-tolerated, with lower incidences of adverse events than placebo.

Conclusions:

  • Ketorolac 0.45% ophthalmic solution is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for post-operative ocular pain and inflammation following cataract surgery.
  • The higher ocular bioavailability of ketorolac 0.45% may contribute to its enhanced efficacy.