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Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

Note: high-pressure generation using nano-polycrystalline diamonds as anvil materials.

Y Nakamoto¹, M Sakata, H Sumiya

¹KYOKUGEN, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|July 5, 2011

Summary

Nano-polycrystalline diamonds (NPDs) offer superior performance as anvils for high-pressure applications. NPD anvils achieve 1.5 to 2 times higher pressures than single-crystal diamonds, especially for larger anvil sizes.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
High-Pressure Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Nano-polycrystalline diamonds (NPDs) possess unique properties like high toughness and isotropic mechanical characteristics.
Unlike single-crystal diamonds, NPDs lack cleavage and hardness anisotropy, making them suitable for demanding applications such as diamond anvils.
Previous research indicated the potential of NPDs as anvils for high-pressure generation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the performance of nano-polycrystalline diamond anvils in high-pressure generating tests.
To investigate the advantages of using NPDs for anvil applications across various shapes.
To determine the pressure-generating capabilities of NPD anvils compared to single-crystal diamond anvils.

Main Methods:

Conducting high-pressure generating tests using diamond anvils fabricated from NPDs.
Utilizing anvils of various shapes to assess performance variations.
Comparing the achievable pressure values with those obtained from single-crystal diamond anvils.

Main Results:

NPD anvils with culet sizes exceeding 300 μm achieved pressure values 1.5 to 2 times higher than single-crystal diamond anvils.
The study confirmed the enhanced pressure generation capabilities of NPD anvils.
Anvils made from NPDs demonstrated significant potential for large-volume applications.

Conclusions:

Nano-polycrystalline diamond anvils exhibit superior performance in high-pressure generation compared to traditional single-crystal diamond anvils.
NPD anvils are particularly advantageous for applications requiring large culet sizes and high-pressure capabilities.
The findings suggest that NPDs are a promising material for developing advanced high-pressure apparatus.