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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers
08:44

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Published on: October 24, 2018

Note: epitaxial ruby thin film based photonic sensor for temperature measurement.

Satchi Kumari1, Alika Khare

  • 1Laser and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reports on ruby thin films grown using pulsed laser deposition. These films demonstrate temperature-dependent optical properties, confirming their use as sensitive temperature sensors.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Epitaxial thin films require precise deposition techniques.
  • Ruby (Cr-doped Al2O3) exhibits unique optical properties.
  • Sapphire (Al2O3) is a common substrate for optical films.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To deposit optical quality, C-axis oriented epitaxial ruby thin films on sapphire substrates.
  • To characterize the optical properties of the deposited ruby films.
  • To evaluate the potential of these films as temperature sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique was employed for film growth.
  • Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used for characterization.
  • Temperature-dependent measurements were performed in the range of 138-368 K.

Main Results:

  • C-axis oriented epitaxial ruby thin films were successfully deposited.
  • Raman spectra revealed temperature-dependent peak positions and linewidths of the R-line.
  • Photoluminescence spectra also showed temperature-dependent characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The R(1)-line position exhibits linear behavior with temperature (dυ/dT) in the measured range.
  • The observed temperature sensitivity confirms the applicability of ruby thin films as optical temperature sensors.