PPARs and their effects on the cardiovascular system

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Endocrinology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors regulating gene expression.
• The PPAR family includes three isoforms (α, γ, ß/δ) with distinct functions and tissue expression.
• PPARs play crucial roles in vascular tone, inflammation, and energy homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted roles of PPARs in metabolic and inflammatory pathways.
• To highlight PPARs as therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome, obesity, and hypertension.
• To discuss the mechanisms of PPAR action, including transactivation and transrepression.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of PPAR function and therapeutic applications.
• Analysis of PPAR involvement in gene expression regulation.
• Examination of PPARs' impact on lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses.

Main Results:

• PPARs modulate target gene expression through transactivation and transrepression.
• Distinct PPAR isoforms exhibit varied ligand affinities, expression patterns, and activities.
• PPARs influence inflammation directly and indirectly through lipid metabolism regulation.

Conclusions:

• PPARs are critical regulators of diverse physiological processes.
• The pleiotropic effects of PPARs make them significant targets for treating a wide range of diseases.
• Targeting PPARs holds promise for developing novel therapies for metabolic and inflammatory conditions.