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Clinical cytometry and progress in HLA antibody detection
Robert A Bray1, Christine Tarsitani, Howard M Gebel
1Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Methods in Cell Biology
|July 5, 2011
Summary
Identifying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies is crucial for transplant success. Advances from cytotoxicity assays to solid-phase, multiplexed methods like Luminex have improved HLA antibody detection, aiding transplant outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Transplantation immunology
- Histocompatibility testing
- Immunogenetics
Background:
- Antibodies against mismatched human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens are a major cause of graft failure in solid organ and stem cell transplants.
- Accurate HLA antibody identification is a critical function of histocompatibility laboratories for successful transplantation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolution of HLA antibody detection methods.
- To highlight the advancements in sensitivity and specificity leading to improved clinical correlation.
Main Methods:
- Evolution from complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays to flow cytometry-based methods.
- Development of solid-phase assays using microparticle technology.
- Adaptation of flow-based technology to the Luminex platform for multiplexed analysis.
Main Results:
- Flow cytometry improved sensitivity and objectivity over older methods.
- Solid-phase assays enabled sensitive and specific HLA antibody detection.
- Multiplexed platforms like Luminex allow for detailed antibody characterization.
Conclusions:
- Technological advancements have significantly enhanced HLA antibody detection capabilities.
- Current technologies aim to identify parameters that predict transplant outcomes.
- Improved HLA antibody identification is key to reducing graft failure rates.
