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Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Phenotypes of refractory/severe asthma.

Andrew Bush¹, Louise Fleming

¹Imperial School of Medicine at National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK. a.bush@rbh.nthames.nhs.uk

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews

|July 5, 2011

Summary

Phenotyping severe asthma requires careful subpopulation definition. Invasive methods like bronchoscopy and steroid trials help characterize therapy-resistant asthma, guiding future clinical trials for this complex condition.

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A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

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Published on: November 4, 2010

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2010

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Clinical Medicine
Systems Biology

Background:

Phenotyping is crucial for clinical insight but definitions of phenotype shifts remain unclear.
Current phenotyping methods are often investigator-driven, potentially introducing bias.
Severe asthma management requires nuanced approaches beyond standard treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To define a distinct subpopulation of genuine severe, therapy-resistant asthmatics.
To investigate the inflammatory processes and treatment responses in this severe asthma group.
To explore potential phenotypes contributing to severe asthma heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

Characterizing severe, therapy-resistant asthmatics through invasive bronchoscopy.
Administering a steroid trial with intramuscular triamcinolone to assess treatment sensitivity.
Evaluating the concordance of inflammation and symptoms, and identifying persistent airflow limitation.

Main Results:

Severe, therapy-resistant asthma is a heterogeneous condition.
Investigative approaches can differentiate subgroups within severe asthma.
Understanding inflammatory processes is key to managing treatment resistance.

Conclusions:

A non-evidence-based approach is proposed to define severe asthma subpopulations.
Invasive characterization is necessary to understand inflammatory mechanisms in severe asthma.
International, uniform approaches and focused clinical trials are essential for progress in severe asthma research.