Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 31, 2026

Mechanical Control of Relaxation Using Intact Cardiac Trabeculae
Published on: February 17, 2023
Examination of isolated ventricular noncompaction (hypertrabeculation) as a distinct entity in adults
William Clifford Roberts1, Sumit Jagdish Karia, Jong Mi Ko
1Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. wc.roberts@baylorhealth.edu
Abstract:
Three patients (2 women) 36, 45, and 49 years of age underwent cardiac transplantation for what was diagnosed clinically as nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Examination of the transthoracic echocardiogram and explanted heart in each disclosed marked hypertrabeculation involving the free wall of the very dilated left ventricle, a finding consistent with what has been termed "isolated ventricular noncompaction" (IVNC). Although these 3 cases anatomically fulfilled the echocardiographic definition of IVNC, review of previous publications containing gross photographs of the heart suggests that IVNC is overdiagnosed at least morphologically.
Related Concept Videos
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

