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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...

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Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons
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Published on: September 15, 2014

MicroRNA function and neurotrophin BDNF.

Tadahiro Numakawa1, Misty Richards, Naoki Adachi

  • 1Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-8502, Japan. numakawa@ncnp.go.jp

Neurochemistry International
|July 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may enhance central nervous system (CNS) neuron function by increasing miR-132. This overview explores neurotrophins and microRNAs (miRs) in neuronal processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRs are implicated in cellular processes like differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis.
  • Specific miRs, such as miR-132 and miR-134, are crucial for neuronal function, outgrowth, and synaptic plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between neurotrophins and miRs.
  • To highlight the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in regulating miRs.
  • To discuss the implications of these interactions for neuronal function and plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating neurotrophin-miR interactions.
  • Focus on miR-132 regulation by BDNF in the CNS.

Main Results:

  • BDNF, a key neurotrophin, is essential for neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity.
  • Emerging evidence suggests BDNF up-regulates miR-132 expression in CNS neurons.
  • This up-regulation is a potential mechanism through which BDNF exerts its neuroprotective and plasticity-enhancing effects.

Conclusions:

  • Neurotrophins and miRs play interconnected roles in maintaining neuronal health and function.
  • The BDNF-miR-132 axis represents a significant pathway for regulating synaptic plasticity and neuronal resilience.
  • Further research into neurotrophin-miR interactions can uncover novel therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.