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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...

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Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation
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Ultraviolet radiation and echinoderms: past, present and future perspectives.

Miles Lamare1, David Burritt, Kathryn Lister

  • 1Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Advances in Marine Biology
|July 5, 2011
PubMed
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Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) harms marine life, including echinoderms. This review examines UVR

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses a threat to marine ecosystems.
  • Echinoderms are ecologically significant marine invertebrates.
  • UVR impacts marine species' reproduction, development, and physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of solar UVR on Echinodermata.
  • To summarize current research on UVR impacts on echinoderms.
  • To identify future research directions for UVR in a changing ocean.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on UVR and echinoderms.
  • Synthesis of research on UVR effects, protective mechanisms, and population dynamics.
  • Analysis of UVR as an environmental stressor in marine ecosystems.

Main Results:

  • UVR negatively affects echinoderm reproduction, development, and behavior.
  • Echinoderms exhibit various protective mechanisms against UVR damage.
  • UVR-induced DNA damage and potential mutation rates are concerns.
  • Conflicting selection pressures arise from UVR and climate change.

Conclusions:

  • Echinoderms face significant threats from solar UVR, compounded by climate change.
  • Understanding UVR's impact is crucial for marine ecosystem health.
  • Further research is needed to address UVR challenges in evolving marine environments.