Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Circulating Novel Adipokines in Critically Ill Patients with and Without Sepsis.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

Right ventricular strain assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Acute and critical care·2026
Same author

The impact of colistin minimum inhibitory concentration on clinical failure and mortality: insights from the OVERCOME trial.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Temporal Aquaporin Expression Profiles in Immune Cell Subsets during Critical Illness.

Shock (Augusta, Ga.)·2026
Same author

When treatment backfires: Dopamine agonist-induced CSF leaks in prolactinomas - Case series and systematic review.

Brain & spine·2026
Same author

Relative contribution of driving pressure and respiratory rate to mortality in ARDS depends on age.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Thyroid function during critical illness.

Foteini Economidou1, Evangelia Douka, Marinella Tzanela

  • 1Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Athens, Department of Endocrinology, Evangelismos Hospital, Greece. foikon@yahoo.gr

Hormones (Athens, Greece)
|July 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Critically ill patients often develop nonthyroidal illness syndrome, marked by altered thyroid hormone levels. These hormonal changes correlate with outcomes, but thyroid hormone treatment benefits remain controversial.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Critical illness significantly impacts patient metabolism, a developing area of research.
  • Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (euthyroid sick syndrome) is common in critically ill patients, affecting 60-70%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of critical illness on thyroid hormone metabolism.
  • To understand the characteristics and potential implications of nonthyroidal illness syndrome in critical care.

Main Methods:

  • Observational analysis of thyroid function tests in critically ill patients.
  • Review of factors influencing thyroid hormone levels, including peripheral metabolism, TSH regulation, and medication effects.

Main Results:

  • Nonthyroidal illness syndrome presents with low triiodothyronine (T3), high reverse T3, and normal/low thyroxine (T4) and TSH.
  • Hormonal alterations occur early in critical illness and correlate with patient outcomes.
  • Medications play a significant role in these observed hormonal changes.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid function abnormalities are a hallmark of critical illness, reflecting complex metabolic adaptations.
  • The therapeutic benefit of thyroid hormone administration in critically ill patients requires further investigation.
  • Thyroid function typically normalizes upon resolution of the acute illness.