Scientific advance in acupuncture

In this paper we present scientific advance in acupuncture based on electrical, neurophysiological, biochemical and therapeutic studies made inside and outside China since the early fifties. New modalities other than traditional needling techniques notably developed in Japan, France and Germany are described. For future prospects, efforts by making use of systems approach, field-body interaction, self-defense self-strategy and circadian rhythm are likely to produce great fruition in medicine. Possibilities of making advances in "three P's" medicine (preventive medicine, precision medicine and people medicine) by acupuncture are discussed.