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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

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Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
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Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies

Published on: September 15, 2016

Immunogenicity of autoantigens.

Christina Backes1, Nicole Ludwig, Petra Leidinger

  • 1Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany. cbackes@bioinf.uni-sb.de

BMC Genomics
|July 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Autoantibodies target proteins that are evolutionarily conserved, possess specific sequence motifs, and are part of cellular structures, increasing their autoimmunogenicity. These findings shed light on the mechanisms behind autoantibody responses in various conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Autoantibodies against self-antigens are linked to autoimmune diseases, cancer, and even healthy individuals.
  • The mechanisms driving autoantibody responses to most antigens remain unclear.
  • Understanding these mechanisms requires investigating the features of autoantigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore structural and biological features of autoantigens associated with autoimmunity and cancer.
  • To determine if these features correlate with immune response potential.
  • To conduct a comprehensive in-silico analysis of diverse autoantigen sets.

Main Methods:

  • In-silico analysis of large autoantigen sets, including novel and publicly available data.
  • Examination of gene features like exon length, mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and alternative splicing.
  • Analysis of sequence motifs, protein-protein/nucleic acid interactions, and evolutionary conservation.

Main Results:

  • Genes with larger exon lengths show enrichment of immunogenic features like mutations and splicing events.
  • Autoimmune disease antigens are often secreted, extracellular, and involved in immune pathways.
  • Enriched sequence motifs include coiled-coils, ELR, and Zinc finger DNA-binding motifs.
  • Proteins involved in RNA binding, ribosome, and spliceosome functions are enriched.
  • Evolutionary conservation and mimicry are suggested by interspecies homology and ancient protein domains.

Conclusions:

  • Proteins that are evolutionarily conserved, possess specific sequence motifs, and are part of cellular structures are more likely to be autoimmunogenic.
  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are significant in autoimmunity, while somatic mutations are more prevalent in tumor-associated antigens.
  • The study provides insights into the molecular basis of autoantibody generation.