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Related Concept Videos

Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Downstream Processing01:29

Downstream Processing

Downstream processing begins once fermentation is complete and involves a series of steps to recover and purify products such as acids, vitamins, antibiotics, or proteins.Cell HarvestingFor example, for intracellular protein-based products, the first step is harvesting the cells. This is typically achieved using centrifugation or filtration to separate the cells from the liquid phase.Cell Disruption for Intracellular ProductsIf the target product is intracellular, the harvested cells must be...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Prodrugs01:30

Prodrugs

Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Comparison of Tobacco Host Cell Protein Removal Methods by Blanching Intact Plants or by Heat Treatment of Extracts
11:06

Comparison of Tobacco Host Cell Protein Removal Methods by Blanching Intact Plants or by Heat Treatment of Extracts

Published on: August 8, 2016

Downstream processing of stevioside and its potential applications.

Munish Puri1, Deepika Sharma, Ashok K Tiwari

  • 1Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Institute of Technology Research and Innovation (ITRI), Deakin University, Victoria 3217, Australia. munish.puri@deakin.edu.au

Biotechnology Advances
|July 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzymatic processes offer an efficient alternative for stevioside extraction from Stevia rebaudiana leaves, comparable to traditional methods. This enzyme-based approach promises cost-effective stevioside availability for expanded food applications.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Comparison of Tobacco Host Cell Protein Removal Methods by Blanching Intact Plants or by Heat Treatment of Extracts
11:06

Comparison of Tobacco Host Cell Protein Removal Methods by Blanching Intact Plants or by Heat Treatment of Extracts

Published on: August 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Food Science
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Stevioside, a natural sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana, is typically produced via chemical/physical methods.
  • Conventional stevioside extraction faces challenges in efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of stevioside structure, analysis techniques, and recent technological advancements.
  • To highlight the development and efficacy of an enzymatic process for stevioside extraction.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of stevioside structure and analysis techniques.
  • Establishment and evaluation of an enzymatic extraction process.
  • Comparison of enzymatic process efficiency with conventional methods.

Main Results:

  • An enzymatic process for stevioside extraction has been successfully established.
  • The enzymatic process demonstrates efficacy comparable to traditional physical and chemical methods.
  • Advances in recent years have improved stevioside extraction technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Enzymatic extraction is a viable and efficient alternative for stevioside production.
  • This enzyme-based approach is expected to enhance cost-effectiveness and broaden food applications.
  • Future developments in enzyme-based extraction will support the wider availability of stevioside.