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Related Concept Videos

P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions01:14

Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions

The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell junctions are specialized structures where the multi-protein complexes on one cell interact with the multi-protein complexes on another  cell. These cell junctions are classified  into three main types based on their function — occluding, anchoring, and gap junctions.
Occluding or Tight Junctions
Tight...
Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...

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Nanopillar junctions.

M G Blamire1, A Aziz, J W A Robinson

  • 1Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK. mb52@cam.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|July 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fabricating metallic nanopillar devices is key for advancing metallic spin electronics. This work reviews fabrication methods and challenges for sub-micrometre structures used in spin-transfer torque studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanopillar devices are crucial for metallic spin electronics research.
  • Understanding spin-transfer torque effects requires specialized sub-micrometre structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fabrication processes for metallic nanopillar devices.
  • To highlight challenges in creating extreme sub-micrometre structures for spin-transfer torque studies.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of various fabrication techniques for metallic nanopillars.
  • Analysis of challenges associated with achieving extreme sub-micrometre dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key fabrication methods for metallic spin electronic devices.
  • Elucidation of difficulties in producing high-precision nanopillars.

Conclusions:

  • Fabrication techniques are essential for the advancement of metallic spin electronics.
  • Overcoming fabrication challenges is critical for studying spin-transfer torque effects in nanopillar devices.