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Related Concept Videos

Liquid–Solid Solutions01:29

Liquid–Solid Solutions

The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

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Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
07:14

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

Solid solubility limit in alloying nanoparticles.

G Ouyang1, X Tan, C X Wang

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Institute of Optoelectronic and Functional Composite Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.

Nanotechnology
|July 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new model reveals that alloying nanoparticles exhibit unusual solid solubility below 20 nm, promoting solubility as particle size decreases. This finding, demonstrated with lead-tin, enhances understanding of nanoparticle phase diagrams.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding the phase diagram of alloying nanoparticles is crucial for materials science.
  • Anomalous solid solubility in nanoscale materials presents unique thermodynamic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a size-dependent solid solubility model for binary metallic systems.
  • To elucidate the anomalous solid solubility behavior in nanometre-sized alloying particles.
  • To identify critical size thresholds influencing solid solubility in nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical model for size-dependent solid solubility.
  • Analysis of binary metallic systems, focusing on nanoparticle size effects.
  • Validation using experimental data from the lead-tin (Pb-Sn) system.

Main Results:

  • A threshold diameter of approximately 20 nm was identified for alloying nanoparticles.
  • Solid solubility is significantly enhanced as particle size decreases below 20 nm.
  • Theoretical predictions align with experimental observations for the Pb-Sn system.

Conclusions:

  • The size-dependent model accurately captures anomalous solid solubility in nanoparticles.
  • Nanoparticle size critically influences thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams.
  • Findings provide a foundation for designing and synthesizing novel nanomaterials.