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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Peptic Ulcer01:27

Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcers are erosive lesions of the gastric or duodenal lining, most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This Gram-negative, helical bacterium has adapted to survive the stomach’s acidic environment by producing urease, which converts urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia neutralizes gastric acid in the bacterium’s immediate environment, allowing colonization of the gastric mucosa. H. pylori attaches to mucus-secreting epithelial cells, penetrates the mucus...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Desmosomes01:05

Desmosomes

The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein complexes comprising desmosomal...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
05:05

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

Pemphigus in India.

Amrinder J Kanwar1, Dipankar De

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. ajkanwar1948@gmail.com

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|July 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pemphigus management in India has evolved significantly, with corticosteroid-based treatments like dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy drastically reducing mortality. Research now focuses on understanding pemphigus pathogenesis and developing novel therapies.

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
05:05

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pemphigus is a severe, chronic autoimmune blistering disease.
  • Indian pemphigus patients exhibit distinct genetic, clinical, and epidemiological profiles compared to Western populations.
  • Historically, pemphigus carried a high mortality rate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of pemphigus literature in India over five decades.
  • To highlight unique aspects of pemphigus in Indian patients.
  • To discuss current research trends and therapeutic advancements.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review focusing on pemphigus in India and relevant international studies.
  • Analysis of historical and contemporary data on pemphigus epidemiology, genetics, and treatment outcomes.
  • Synthesis of information on corticosteroid-based therapies and emerging research areas.

Main Results:

  • Corticosteroids, particularly dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy, are the cornerstone of pemphigus treatment in India.
  • These treatments have markedly decreased pemphigus-related mortality.
  • Current research aims to explore pathogenesis beyond antidesmoglein antibodies and develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Pemphigus management in India has seen substantial progress, leading to improved patient survival.
  • Understanding the specific characteristics of pemphigus in Indian populations is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Future research holds promise for further advancements in pemphigus care.