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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain

Published on: July 12, 2012

Epigenetics: genetics versus life experiences.

Josephine Elia1, Seth Laracy, Jeremy Allen

  • 1The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Science Center, 3440 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA, elia@email.chop.edu.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|July 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics, alterations in gene expression without DNA changes, may explain ADHD heritability variance. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for developing new ADHD interventions.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

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Published on: July 12, 2012

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable, but genetic factors alone do not fully explain its inheritance.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms, which modify gene expression without altering DNA sequence, are increasingly recognized for their role in complex disorders.
  • Understanding epigenetic contributions is vital for a comprehensive view of ADHD pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established epigenetic processes relevant to gene expression.
  • To examine the role of these epigenetic processes in the pathophysiology of ADHD.
  • To discuss potential epigenetic risk factors and their impact across developmental stages.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epigenetic mechanisms including chromosome organization, DNA methylation, and transcription factor activity.
  • Analysis of studies investigating epigenetic roles in ADHD.
  • Exploration of animal studies on ADHD medications and central nervous system (CNS) gene/protein expression.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic processes like DNA methylation and chromosome organization are implicated in ADHD.
  • Environmental factors (alcohol, tobacco, toxins, stress) can act as epigenetic risk factors for ADHD.
  • Animal models provide insights into how ADHD medications affect CNS gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic factors play a significant role in ADHD pathophysiology and heritability.
  • Identifying specific epigenetic targets in ADHD could lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Modulating gene expression through epigenetic pathways may offer new treatment strategies for ADHD.