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Related Concept Videos

Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the atoms and...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III01:25

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III

The number of independent ways a gas molecule can move along straight line, rotate, and vibrate is called its degrees of freedom. Supposing d represents the number of degrees of freedom of an ideal gas, the molar heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas in terms of d is
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Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Quantum heat transfer: a Born-Oppenheimer method.

Lian-Ao Wu1, Dvira Segal

  • 1Department of Theoretical Physics and History of Science, The Basque Country University (EHU/UPV) and IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|July 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We present a new quantum thermal transport formalism for nanoscale objects, particularly useful for off-resonant and low-temperature conditions. This method generalizes the Landauer formula, revealing multiphonon effects in nonlinear systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding quantum thermal transport is crucial for nanoscale devices.
  • Existing models often struggle with off-resonant regimes and low temperatures.
  • Hybrid nanoscale objects present unique challenges for heat transfer descriptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile theoretical framework for quantum thermal transport.
  • To accurately describe heat transfer in hybrid nanoscale systems under specific conditions.
  • To extend the applicability of the Landauer formalism to nonlinear regimes.

Main Methods:

  • A Born-Oppenheimer-type formalism is developed.
  • The approach is tailored for off-resonant conditions and low temperatures.
  • A generalized Landauer formula for thermal energy current is derived.

Main Results:

  • The formalism accurately describes quantum thermal transport in hybrid nanoscale objects.
  • In the harmonic limit, it reduces to the standard Landauer result.
  • Nonlinearities lead to the observation of multiphonon effects.

Conclusions:

  • The developed formalism provides a robust method for studying quantum heat transfer.
  • It offers new insights into energy transport mechanisms at the nanoscale.
  • The framework is applicable to systems where tunneling and vibrational effects are significant.