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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
06:06

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

SOX trio decrease in the articular cartilage with the advancement of osteoarthritis.

Jai-Sun Lee1, Gun-Il Im

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.

Connective Tissue Research
|July 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The SOX trio (SOX-5, SOX-6, SOX-9) gene and protein expression significantly decreases in advanced osteoarthritis (OA) human articular cartilage. This decline correlates with reduced aggrecan and type II collagen, key cartilage components.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • SOX trio transcription factors (SOX-5, SOX-6, SOX-9) are crucial for maintaining chondrocyte phenotype and chondrogenesis.
  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression changes of the SOX trio in human articular cartilage (AC) as osteoarthritis (OA) advances.

Main Methods:

  • Human OA cartilage samples were collected from eight patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.
  • Gene expression of SOX trio, aggrecan, and type II collagen was analyzed using quantitative methods.
  • Protein expression was assessed via Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
  • DNA methylation of SOX-9 promoter regions was examined.

Main Results:

  • SOX-5, SOX-6, and SOX-9 gene expression significantly decreased in advanced OA cartilage compared to minimally OA cartilage.
  • Aggrecan and type II collagen (COL2A1) gene expressions were also significantly reduced in advanced OA.
  • Protein levels of SOX trio, type II collagen, and aggrecan showed a significant decrease in advanced OA cartilage.
  • No significant difference in SOX-9 promoter DNA methylation was observed between minimally and advanced OA cartilage.

Conclusions:

  • SOX trio gene and protein expression decline with the progression of OA in human articular cartilage.
  • The reduction in SOX trio may contribute to the loss of chondrocytic phenotype and extracellular matrix components in OA.