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Updated: May 31, 2026
Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia
Published on: September 18, 2013
[Large sample clinical analysis of patients with children acute leukemia in single center]
Hui-Min Zeng1, Ye Guo, Xiao-Li Yi
1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Center for Diseases and Therapy of Pediatric Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Paking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
Insights
Childhood acute leukemia (CAL) incidence peaks between ages 2-6, with higher rates in winter. Genetic factors and patient demographics influence CAL subtypes like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology
- Epidemiology of Childhood Cancers
- Molecular Genetics of Leukemia
Context:
- Retrospective analysis of 1236 childhood acute leukemia (CAL) patients treated between April 2004 and April 2010.
- Investigation focused on epidemiological factors including age, season, sex distribution, and genetic markers.
- Data collected from the Blood Disease Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
Purpose:
- To investigate the epidemiology of childhood acute leukemia (CAL), including onset age, time, risk factors, subtype distribution, and genetics.
- To analyze the incidence patterns and genetic profiles of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in pediatric patients.
- To identify key epidemiological and genetic determinants influencing CAL.
Summary:
- CAL incidence shows a bimodal peak between ages 2-6 years, with a higher prevalence in winter (January).
- Sex ratios for ALL and AML were 1.80:1 and 1.73:1, respectively. Immunophenotyping revealed B-ALL (83%) and T-ALL (9%) predominance in ALL, and varied subtypes (M0-M7) in AML.
- Molecular analysis identified common genetic markers: TEL/AML1 (23%), BCR/ABL (7.4%), MLL (4.1%), E2A/PBX1 (2.1%) in ALL; and AML1/ETO (19%), PML/RARα (18%), CBFβ/MYH11 (4.2%) in AML.
Impact:
- Findings highlight the influence of age, season, environment, and genetic background on pediatric acute leukemia onset and characteristics.
- Provides crucial epidemiological data for understanding CAL in the studied population.
- Contributes to the knowledge base for targeted research and potential therapeutic strategies for childhood leukemia.
Abstract:
In order to investigate the epidemiology of childhood acute leukemia (CAL), such as onset age and time, risk factor, subtypes distribution and genetics, 1236 CAL patients admitted in blood disease hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for treatment from April 2004 to April 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The results showed that the sex ratio of ALL and AML patients were 1.80:1 and 1.73:1 respectively; the average peak age of incidence lasted from 2 to 6 years with the median age of 6 years, while the ALL peak age of incidence lasted from 2 to 5 years but AML showed no significant peak age of incidence. Winter, especially January was the peak time for both onset and birth. Among all the 631 ALL patients who had already been immunophenotyped, B-ALL patients accounted for 83%, T-ALL patients accounted for 9%. Among 361 AML patients, sub-leukemia phenotype from M(0) to M(7) accounted for 0.3%, 2.2%, 29.8%, 20.9%, 8.1%, 25.2%, 4.1% and 4.6% respectively. Among 631 pediatric ALL patients who had been examined by using molecular biology technique, the positive rate of TEL/AML1, BCR/ABL, MLL and E2A/PBX1 were 23%, 7.4%, 4.1%, 2.1% respectively. Among 361 pediatric AML patients who had been examined by using molecular biology technique, 19% of the patients showed positive AML1/ETO fusion gene, 18% of the patients showed positive PML/RARα fusion gene, while 4.2% of patients showed positive CBFβ/MYH11. It is concluded that the onset of pediatric acute leukemia is influenced by age, season, environment and different genetic background.
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